diff --git a/app/calculator.py b/app/calculator.py
index 4fde08e..da2d258 100644
--- a/app/calculator.py
+++ b/app/calculator.py
@@ -86,26 +86,34 @@ async def calculate_pp(score: "Score", beatmap: str, session: AsyncSession) -> f
                 f"Error checking if beatmap {score.beatmap_id} is suspicious"
             )
 
-    map = rosu.Beatmap(content=beatmap)
-    mods = deepcopy(score.mods.copy())
-    parse_enum_to_str(int(score.gamemode), mods)
-    map.convert(score.gamemode.to_rosu(), mods)  # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]
-    perf = rosu.Performance(
-        mods=mods,
-        lazer=True,
-        accuracy=clamp(score.accuracy * 100, 0, 100),
-        combo=score.max_combo,
-        large_tick_hits=score.nlarge_tick_hit or 0,
-        slider_end_hits=score.nslider_tail_hit or 0,
-        small_tick_hits=score.nsmall_tick_hit or 0,
-        n_geki=score.ngeki,
-        n_katu=score.nkatu,
-        n300=score.n300,
-        n100=score.n100,
-        n50=score.n50,
-        misses=score.nmiss,
-    )
-    attrs = perf.calculate(map)
+    # 使用线程池执行计算密集型操作以避免阻塞事件循环
+    import asyncio
+    loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
+    
+    def _calculate_pp_sync():
+        map = rosu.Beatmap(content=beatmap)
+        mods = deepcopy(score.mods.copy())
+        parse_enum_to_str(int(score.gamemode), mods)
+        map.convert(score.gamemode.to_rosu(), mods)  # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]
+        perf = rosu.Performance(
+            mods=mods,
+            lazer=True,
+            accuracy=clamp(score.accuracy * 100, 0, 100),
+            combo=score.max_combo,
+            large_tick_hits=score.nlarge_tick_hit or 0,
+            slider_end_hits=score.nslider_tail_hit or 0,
+            small_tick_hits=score.nsmall_tick_hit or 0,
+            n_geki=score.ngeki,
+            n_katu=score.nkatu,
+            n300=score.n300,
+            n100=score.n100,
+            n50=score.n50,
+            misses=score.nmiss,
+        )
+        return perf.calculate(map)
+    
+    # 在线程池中执行计算
+    attrs = await loop.run_in_executor(None, _calculate_pp_sync)
     pp = attrs.pp
 
     # mrekk bp1: 2048pp; ppy-sb top1 rxbp1: 2198pp
@@ -122,6 +130,132 @@ async def calculate_pp(score: "Score", beatmap: str, session: AsyncSession) -> f
     return pp
 
 
+async def pre_fetch_and_calculate_pp(
+    score: "Score",
+    beatmap_id: int,
+    session: AsyncSession,
+    redis,
+    fetcher
+) -> float:
+    """
+    优化版PP计算：预先获取beatmap文件并使用缓存
+    """
+    import asyncio
+
+    from app.database.beatmap import BannedBeatmaps
+
+    # 快速检查是否被封禁
+    if settings.suspicious_score_check:
+        beatmap_banned = (
+            await session.exec(
+                select(exists()).where(
+                    col(BannedBeatmaps.beatmap_id) == beatmap_id
+                )
+            )
+        ).first()
+        if beatmap_banned:
+            return 0
+
+    # 异步获取beatmap原始文件，利用已有的Redis缓存机制
+    try:
+        beatmap_raw = await fetcher.get_or_fetch_beatmap_raw(redis, beatmap_id)
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.error(f"Failed to fetch beatmap {beatmap_id}: {e}")
+        return 0
+
+    # 在获取文件的同时，可以检查可疑beatmap
+    if settings.suspicious_score_check:
+        try:
+            # 将可疑检查也移到线程池中执行
+            def _check_suspicious():
+                return is_suspicious_beatmap(beatmap_raw)
+
+            loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
+            is_sus = await loop.run_in_executor(None, _check_suspicious)
+            if is_sus:
+                session.add(BannedBeatmaps(beatmap_id=beatmap_id))
+                logger.warning(f"Beatmap {beatmap_id} is suspicious, banned")
+                return 0
+        except Exception:
+            logger.exception(f"Error checking if beatmap {beatmap_id} is suspicious")
+
+    # 调用已优化的PP计算函数
+    return await calculate_pp(score, beatmap_raw, session)
+
+
+async def batch_calculate_pp(
+    scores_data: list[tuple["Score", int]],
+    session: AsyncSession,
+    redis,
+    fetcher
+) -> list[float]:
+    """
+    批量计算PP：适用于重新计算或批量处理场景
+    Args:
+        scores_data: [(score, beatmap_id), ...] 的列表
+    Returns:
+        对应的PP值列表
+    """
+    import asyncio
+
+    from app.database.beatmap import BannedBeatmaps
+
+    if not scores_data:
+        return []
+
+    # 提取所有唯一的beatmap_id
+    unique_beatmap_ids = list({beatmap_id for _, beatmap_id in scores_data})
+
+    # 批量检查被封禁的beatmap
+    banned_beatmaps = set()
+    if settings.suspicious_score_check:
+        banned_results = await session.exec(
+            select(BannedBeatmaps.beatmap_id).where(
+                col(BannedBeatmaps.beatmap_id).in_(unique_beatmap_ids)
+            )
+        )
+        banned_beatmaps = set(banned_results.all())
+
+    # 并发获取所有需要的beatmap原始文件
+    async def fetch_beatmap_safe(beatmap_id: int) -> tuple[int, str | None]:
+        if beatmap_id in banned_beatmaps:
+            return beatmap_id, None
+        try:
+            content = await fetcher.get_or_fetch_beatmap_raw(redis, beatmap_id)
+            return beatmap_id, content
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"Failed to fetch beatmap {beatmap_id}: {e}")
+            return beatmap_id, None
+
+    # 并发获取所有beatmap文件
+    fetch_tasks = [fetch_beatmap_safe(bid) for bid in unique_beatmap_ids]
+    fetch_results = await asyncio.gather(*fetch_tasks, return_exceptions=True)
+
+    # 构建beatmap_id -> content的映射
+    beatmap_contents = {}
+    for result in fetch_results:
+        if isinstance(result, tuple):
+            beatmap_id, content = result
+            beatmap_contents[beatmap_id] = content
+
+    # 为每个score计算PP
+    pp_results = []
+    for score, beatmap_id in scores_data:
+        beatmap_content = beatmap_contents.get(beatmap_id)
+        if beatmap_content is None:
+            pp_results.append(0.0)
+            continue
+
+        try:
+            pp = await calculate_pp(score, beatmap_content, session)
+            pp_results.append(pp)
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"Failed to calculate PP for score {score.id}: {e}")
+            pp_results.append(0.0)
+
+    return pp_results
+
+
 # https://osu.ppy.sh/wiki/Gameplay/Score/Total_score
 def calculate_level_to_score(n: int) -> float:
     if n <= 100:
diff --git a/app/config.py b/app/config.py
index 562722a..c12f405 100644
--- a/app/config.py
+++ b/app/config.py
@@ -137,6 +137,13 @@ class Settings(BaseSettings):
     enable_supporter_for_all_users: bool = False
     enable_all_beatmap_leaderboard: bool = False
     enable_all_beatmap_pp: bool = False
+    # 性能优化设置
+    enable_beatmap_preload: bool = True
+    beatmap_cache_expire_hours: int = 24
+    max_concurrent_pp_calculations: int = 10
+    enable_pp_calculation_threading: bool = True
+
+    # 反作弊设置
     suspicious_score_check: bool = True
     seasonal_backgrounds: Annotated[list[str], BeforeValidator(_parse_list)] = []
     banned_name: list[str] = [
diff --git a/app/database/score.py b/app/database/score.py
index 40d8235..a445dfe 100644
--- a/app/database/score.py
+++ b/app/database/score.py
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ import math
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
 
 from app.calculator import (
-    calculate_pp,
     calculate_pp_weight,
     calculate_score_to_level,
     calculate_weighted_acc,
@@ -772,8 +771,10 @@ async def process_score(
         maximum_statistics=info.maximum_statistics,
     )
     if can_get_pp:
-        beatmap_raw = await fetcher.get_or_fetch_beatmap_raw(redis, beatmap_id)
-        pp = await calculate_pp(score, beatmap_raw, session)
+        from app.calculator import pre_fetch_and_calculate_pp
+        pp = await pre_fetch_and_calculate_pp(
+            score, beatmap_id, session, redis, fetcher
+        )
         score.pp = pp
     session.add(score)
     user_id = user.id
@@ -799,5 +800,5 @@ async def process_score(
             await session.refresh(score)
     await session.refresh(score_token)
     await session.refresh(user)
-    await redis.publish("score:processed", score.id)
+    await redis.publish("score:processed", str(score.id or 0))
     return score
diff --git a/app/fetcher/beatmap_raw.py b/app/fetcher/beatmap_raw.py
index f650df3..985fc48 100644
--- a/app/fetcher/beatmap_raw.py
+++ b/app/fetcher/beatmap_raw.py
@@ -37,8 +37,20 @@ class BeatmapRawFetcher(BaseFetcher):
     async def get_or_fetch_beatmap_raw(
         self, redis: redis.Redis, beatmap_id: int
     ) -> str:
-        if await redis.exists(f"beatmap:{beatmap_id}:raw"):
-            return await redis.get(f"beatmap:{beatmap_id}:raw")  # pyright: ignore[reportReturnType]
+        from app.config import settings
+        
+        cache_key = f"beatmap:{beatmap_id}:raw"
+        cache_expire = settings.beatmap_cache_expire_hours * 60 * 60
+        
+        # 检查缓存
+        if await redis.exists(cache_key):
+            content = await redis.get(cache_key)
+            if content:
+                # 延长缓存时间
+                await redis.expire(cache_key, cache_expire)
+                return content  # pyright: ignore[reportReturnType]
+        
+        # 获取并缓存
         raw = await self.get_beatmap_raw(beatmap_id)
-        await redis.set(f"beatmap:{beatmap_id}:raw", raw, ex=60 * 60 * 24)
+        await redis.set(cache_key, raw, ex=cache_expire)
         return raw
diff --git a/app/fetcher/beatmapset.py b/app/fetcher/beatmapset.py
index 0853e6d..f87f2ed 100644
--- a/app/fetcher/beatmapset.py
+++ b/app/fetcher/beatmapset.py
@@ -32,8 +32,6 @@ class BeatmapsetFetcher(BaseFetcher):
                 q="",
                 s="leaderboard",
                 sort=sort,  # type: ignore
-                # 不设置 nsfw 和 m，让它们使用默认值
-                # 这样 exclude_defaults=True 时它们会被排除
             )
             homepage_queries.append((query, {}))
 
diff --git a/app/router/v2/score.py b/app/router/v2/score.py
index 9033ff5..6f9bb5e 100644
--- a/app/router/v2/score.py
+++ b/app/router/v2/score.py
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ from app.dependencies.fetcher import get_fetcher
 from app.dependencies.storage import get_storage_service
 from app.dependencies.user import get_client_user, get_current_user
 from app.fetcher import Fetcher
+from app.log import logger
 from app.models.room import RoomCategory
 from app.models.score import (
     GameMode,
@@ -95,6 +96,14 @@ async def submit_score(
         if not score:
             raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Score not found")
     else:
+        # 智能预取beatmap缓存（异步进行，不阻塞主流程）
+        try:
+            from app.service.beatmap_cache_service import get_beatmap_cache_service
+            cache_service = get_beatmap_cache_service(redis, fetcher)
+            await cache_service.smart_preload_for_score(beatmap)
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.debug(f"Beatmap preload failed for {beatmap}: {e}")
+
         try:
             db_beatmap = await Beatmap.get_or_fetch(db, fetcher, bid=beatmap)
         except HTTPError:
diff --git a/app/service/beatmap_cache_service.py b/app/service/beatmap_cache_service.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a4f6c17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/service/beatmap_cache_service.py
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+"""
+Beatmap缓存预取服务
+用于提前缓存热门beatmap，减少成绩计算时的获取延迟
+"""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+from datetime import UTC, datetime, timedelta
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+from app.config import settings
+from app.log import logger
+
+from redis.asyncio import Redis
+from sqlmodel import col, func, select
+from sqlmodel.ext.asyncio.session import AsyncSession
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from app.fetcher import Fetcher
+
+
+class BeatmapCacheService:
+    def __init__(self, redis: Redis, fetcher: "Fetcher"):
+        self.redis = redis
+        self.fetcher = fetcher
+        self._preloading = False
+        self._background_tasks: set = set()
+
+    async def preload_popular_beatmaps(self, session: AsyncSession, limit: int = 100):
+        """
+        预加载热门beatmap到Redis缓存
+        """
+        if self._preloading:
+            logger.info("Beatmap preloading already in progress")
+            return
+
+        self._preloading = True
+        try:
+            logger.info(f"Starting preload of top {limit} popular beatmaps")
+
+            # 获取过去24小时内最热门的beatmap
+            recent_time = datetime.now(UTC) - timedelta(hours=24)
+
+            from app.database.score import Score
+
+            popular_beatmaps = (
+                await session.exec(
+                    select(Score.beatmap_id, func.count().label("play_count"))
+                    .where(col(Score.ended_at) >= recent_time)
+                    .group_by(col(Score.beatmap_id))
+                    .order_by(col("play_count").desc())
+                    .limit(limit)
+                )
+            ).all()
+
+            # 并发预取这些beatmap
+            preload_tasks = []
+            for beatmap_id, _ in popular_beatmaps:
+                task = self._preload_single_beatmap(beatmap_id)
+                preload_tasks.append(task)
+
+            if preload_tasks:
+                results = await asyncio.gather(*preload_tasks, return_exceptions=True)
+                success_count = sum(1 for r in results if r is True)
+                logger.info(
+                    f"Preloaded {success_count}/{len(preload_tasks)} "
+                    f"beatmaps successfully"
+                )
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"Error during beatmap preloading: {e}")
+        finally:
+            self._preloading = False
+
+    async def _preload_single_beatmap(self, beatmap_id: int) -> bool:
+        """
+        预加载单个beatmap
+        """
+        try:
+            cache_key = f"beatmap:{beatmap_id}:raw"
+            if await self.redis.exists(cache_key):
+                # 已经在缓存中，延长过期时间
+                await self.redis.expire(cache_key, 60 * 60 * 24)
+                return True
+
+            # 获取并缓存beatmap
+            content = await self.fetcher.get_beatmap_raw(beatmap_id)
+            await self.redis.set(cache_key, content, ex=60 * 60 * 24)
+            return True
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.debug(f"Failed to preload beatmap {beatmap_id}: {e}")
+            return False
+
+    async def smart_preload_for_score(self, beatmap_id: int):
+        """
+        智能预加载：为即将提交的成绩预加载beatmap
+        """
+        task = asyncio.create_task(self._preload_single_beatmap(beatmap_id))
+        self._background_tasks.add(task)
+        task.add_done_callback(self._background_tasks.discard)
+
+    async def get_cache_stats(self) -> dict:
+        """
+        获取缓存统计信息
+        """
+        try:
+            keys = await self.redis.keys("beatmap:*:raw")
+            total_size = 0
+
+            for key in keys[:100]:  # 限制检查数量以避免性能问题
+                try:
+                    size = await self.redis.memory_usage(key)
+                    if size:
+                        total_size += size
+                except Exception:
+                    continue
+
+            return {
+                "cached_beatmaps": len(keys),
+                "estimated_total_size_mb": (
+                    round(total_size / 1024 / 1024, 2) if total_size > 0 else 0
+                ),
+                "preloading": self._preloading,
+            }
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"Error getting cache stats: {e}")
+            return {"error": str(e)}
+
+    async def cleanup_old_cache(self, max_age_hours: int = 48):
+        """
+        清理过期的缓存
+        """
+        try:
+            logger.info(f"Cleaning up beatmap cache older than {max_age_hours} hours")
+            # Redis会自动清理过期的key，这里主要是记录日志
+            keys = await self.redis.keys("beatmap:*:raw")
+            logger.info(f"Current cache contains {len(keys)} beatmaps")
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"Error during cache cleanup: {e}")
+
+
+# 全局缓存服务实例
+_cache_service: BeatmapCacheService | None = None
+
+
+def get_beatmap_cache_service(redis: Redis, fetcher: "Fetcher") -> BeatmapCacheService:
+    """
+    获取beatmap缓存服务实例
+    """
+    global _cache_service
+    if _cache_service is None:
+        _cache_service = BeatmapCacheService(redis, fetcher)
+    return _cache_service
+
+
+async def schedule_preload_task(
+    session: AsyncSession,
+    redis: Redis,
+    fetcher: "Fetcher"
+):
+    """
+    定时预加载任务
+    """
+    # 默认启用预加载，除非明确禁用
+    enable_preload = getattr(settings, "enable_beatmap_preload", True)
+    if not enable_preload:
+        return
+
+    cache_service = get_beatmap_cache_service(redis, fetcher)
+    try:
+        await cache_service.preload_popular_beatmaps(session, limit=200)
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.error(f"Scheduled preload task failed: {e}")
diff --git a/app/signalr/hub/spectator.py b/app/signalr/hub/spectator.py
index ed1b48b..5bee18e 100644
--- a/app/signalr/hub/spectator.py
+++ b/app/signalr/hub/spectator.py
@@ -222,6 +222,10 @@ class SpectatorHub(Hub[StoreClientState]):
                     )
                 )
         logger.info(f"[SpectatorHub] {client.user_id} began playing {state.beatmap_id}")
+
+        # 预缓存beatmap文件以加速后续PP计算
+        await self._preload_beatmap_for_pp_calculation(state.beatmap_id)
+
         await self.broadcast_group_call(
             self.group_id(user_id),
             "UserBeganPlaying",
@@ -446,3 +450,50 @@ class SpectatorHub(Hub[StoreClientState]):
         if (target_client := self.get_client_by_id(str(target_id))) is not None:
             await self.call_noblock(target_client, "UserEndedWatching", user_id)
         logger.info(f"[SpectatorHub] {user_id} ended watching {target_id}")
+
+    async def _preload_beatmap_for_pp_calculation(self, beatmap_id: int) -> None:
+        """
+        预缓存beatmap文件以加速PP计算
+        当玩家开始游玩时异步预加载beatmap原始文件到Redis缓存
+        """
+        # 检查是否启用了beatmap预加载功能
+        if not settings.enable_beatmap_preload:
+            return
+
+        try:
+            # 异步获取fetcher和redis连接
+            from app.dependencies.database import get_redis
+            from app.dependencies.fetcher import get_fetcher
+
+            fetcher = get_fetcher()
+            redis = get_redis()
+
+            # 检查是否已经缓存，避免重复下载
+            cache_key = f"beatmap:raw:{beatmap_id}"
+            if await redis.exists(cache_key):
+                logger.debug(f"Beatmap {beatmap_id} already cached, skipping preload")
+                return
+
+            # 在后台异步预缓存beatmap文件，存储任务引用防止被回收
+            task = asyncio.create_task(
+                self._fetch_beatmap_background(fetcher, redis, beatmap_id)
+            )
+            # 任务完成后自动清理，避免内存泄漏
+            task.add_done_callback(lambda t: None)
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            # 预缓存失败不应该影响正常游戏流程
+            logger.warning(f"Failed to preload beatmap {beatmap_id}: {e}")
+
+    async def _fetch_beatmap_background(self, fetcher, redis, beatmap_id: int) -> None:
+        """
+        后台获取beatmap文件
+        """
+        try:
+            # 使用fetcher的get_or_fetch_beatmap_raw方法预缓存
+            await fetcher.get_or_fetch_beatmap_raw(redis, beatmap_id)
+            logger.debug(
+                f"Successfully preloaded beatmap {beatmap_id} for PP calculation"
+            )
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.debug(f"Failed to preload beatmap {beatmap_id}: {e}")